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C# 实现屏幕键盘 (ScreenKeyboard)

 
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要实现一个屏幕键盘,需要监听所有键盘事件,无论窗体是否被激活。因此需要一个全局的钩子,也就
是系统范围的钩子。

什么是钩子(Hook)

钩子(Hook)是Windows提供的一种消息处理机制平台,是指在程序正常运行中接受信息之前预先
启动的函数,用来检查和修改传给该程序的信息,(钩子)实际上是一个处理消息的程序段,通
过系统调用,把它挂入系统。每当特定的消息发出,在没有到达目的窗口前,钩子程序就先捕获
该消息,亦即钩子函数先得到控制权。这时钩子函数即可以加工处理(改变)该消息,也可以不
作处理而继续传递该消息,还可以强制结束消息的传递。注意:安装钩子函数将会影响系统的性
能。监测“系统范围事件”的系统钩子特别明显。因为系统在处理所有的相关事件时都将调用您的
钩子函数,这样您的系统将会明显的减慢。所以应谨慎使用,用完后立即卸载。还有,由于您可
以预先截获其它进程的消息,所以一旦您的钩子函数出了问题的话必将影响其它的进程。

钩子的作用范围
一共有两种范围(类型)的钩子,局部的和远程的。局部钩子仅钩挂自己进程的事件。远程的钩
子还可以将钩挂其它进程发生的事件。远程的钩子又有两种: 基于线程的钩子将捕获其它进程中
某一特定线程的事件。简言之,就是可以用来观察其它进程中的某一特定线程将发生的事件。 系
统范围的钩子将捕捉系统中所有进程将发生的事件消息。

Hook 类型
Windows共有14种Hooks,每一种类型的Hook可以使应用程序能够监视不同类型的系统消息处理机
制。下面描述所有可以利用的Hook类型的发生时机。详细内容可以查阅MSDN,这里只介绍我们将要
用到的两种类型的钩子。

(1)WH_KEYBOARD_LL Hook
WH_KEYBOARD_LL Hook监视输入到线程消息队列中的键盘消息。

(2)WH_MOUSE_LL Hook
WH_MOUSE_LL Hook监视输入到线程消息队列中的鼠标消息。

下面的 class 把 API 调用封装起来以便调用。

1//NativeMethods.cs
2usingSystem;
3usingSystem.Runtime.InteropServices;
4usingSystem.Drawing;
5
6namespaceCnBlogs.Youzai.ScreenKeyboard{
7[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
8internalstructMOUSEINPUT{
9publicintdx;
10publicintdy;
11publicintmouseData;
12publicintdwFlags;
13publicinttime;
14publicIntPtrdwExtraInfo;
15}

16
17[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
18internalstructKEYBDINPUT{
19publicshortwVk;
20publicshortwScan;
21publicintdwFlags;
22publicinttime;
23publicIntPtrdwExtraInfo;
24}

25
26[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
27internalstructInput{
28[FieldOffset(0)]
29publicinttype;
30[FieldOffset(4)]
31publicMOUSEINPUTmi;
32[FieldOffset(4)]
33publicKEYBDINPUTki;
34[FieldOffset(4)]
35publicHARDWAREINPUThi;
36}

37
38[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
39internalstructHARDWAREINPUT{
40publicintuMsg;
41publicshortwParamL;
42publicshortwParamH;
43}

44
45internalclassINPUT{
46publicconstintMOUSE=0;
47publicconstintKEYBOARD=1;
48publicconstintHARDWARE=2;
49}

50
51internalstaticclassNativeMethods{
52[DllImport("User32.dll",CharSet=CharSet.Auto,SetLastError=false)]
53internalstaticexternIntPtrGetWindowLong(IntPtrhWnd,intnIndex);
54
55[DllImport("User32.dll",CharSet=CharSet.Auto,SetLastError=false)]
56internalstaticexternIntPtrSetWindowLong(IntPtrhWnd,intnIndex,intdwNewLong);
57
58[DllImport("User32.dll",EntryPoint="SendInput",CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
59internalstaticexternUInt32SendInput(UInt32nInputs,Input[]pInputs,Int32cbSize);
60
61[DllImport("Kernel32.dll",EntryPoint="GetTickCount",CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
62internalstaticexternintGetTickCount();
63
64[DllImport("User32.dll",EntryPoint="GetKeyState",CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
65internalstaticexternshortGetKeyState(intnVirtKey);
66
67[DllImport("User32.dll",EntryPoint="SendMessage",CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
68internalstaticexternIntPtrSendMessage(IntPtrhWnd,intmsg,IntPtrwParam,IntPtrlParam);
69}

70}

安装钩子
使用SetWindowsHookEx函数(API函数),指定一个Hook类型、自己的Hook过程是全局还是局部Hook,
同时给出Hook过程的进入点,就可以轻松的安装自己的Hook过程。SetWindowsHookEx总是将你的Hook函
数放置在Hook链的顶端。你可以使用CallNextHookEx函数将系统消息传递给Hook链中的下一个函数。
对于某些类型的Hook,系统将向该类的所有Hook函数发送消息,这时,
Hook函数中的CallNextHookEx语句将被忽略。全局(远程钩子)Hook函数可以拦截系统中所有线程的某
个特定的消息,为了安装一个全局Hook过程,必须在应用程序外建立一个DLL并将该Hook函数封装到其中,
应用程序在安装全局Hook过程时必须先得到该DLL模块的句柄。将Dll名传递给LoadLibrary 函数,就会得
到该DLL模块的句柄;得到该句柄 后,使用GetProcAddress函数可以得到Hook过程的地址。最后,使用
SetWindowsHookEx将 Hook过程的首址嵌入相应的Hook链中,SetWindowsHookEx传递一个模块句柄,它为
Hook过程的进入点,线程标识符置为0,该Hook过程同系统中的所有线程关联。如果是安装局部Hook此时
该Hook函数可以放置在DLL中,也可以放置在应用程序的模块段。在C#中通过平台调用(前文已经介绍过)
来调用API函数。

1publicvoidStart(boolinstallMouseHook,boolinstallKeyboardHook){
2if(hMouseHook==IntPtr.Zero&&installMouseHook){
3MouseHookProcedure=newHookProc(MouseHookProc);
4hMouseHook=SetWindowsHookEx(
5WH_MOUSE_LL,
6MouseHookProcedure,
7Marshal.GetHINSTANCE(
8Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]),
90
10);
11
12if(hMouseHook==IntPtr.Zero){
13interrorCode=Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
14Stop(true,false,false);
15
16thrownewWin32Exception(errorCode);
17}

18}

19
20if(hKeyboardHook==IntPtr.Zero&&installKeyboardHook){
21KeyboardHookProcedure=newHookProc(KeyboardHookProc);
22//installhook
23hKeyboardHook=SetWindowsHookEx(
24WH_KEYBOARD_LL,
25KeyboardHookProcedure,
26Marshal.GetHINSTANCE(
27Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]),
280);
29//IfSetWindowsHookExfails.
30if(hKeyboardHook==IntPtr.Zero){
31//Returnstheerrorcodereturnedbythelast
32//unmanagedfunctioncalledusingplatforminvoke
33//thathastheDllImportAttribute.SetLastErrorflagset.
34interrorCode=Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
35//docleanup
36Stop(false,true,false);
37//Initializesandthrowsanewinstanceofthe
38//Win32Exceptionclasswiththespecifiederror.
39thrownewWin32Exception(errorCode);
40}

41}

42}

使用完钩子后,要进行卸载,这个可以写在析构函数中。

1
2publicvoidStop(){
3this.Stop(true,true,true);
4}

5
6publicvoidStop(booluninstallMouseHook,booluninstallKeyboardHook,
7boolthrowExceptions){
8//ifmousehooksetandmustbeuninstalled
9if(hMouseHook!=IntPtr.Zero&&uninstallMouseHook){
10//uninstallhook
11boolretMouse=UnhookWindowsHookEx(hMouseHook);
12//resetinvalidhandle
13hMouseHook=IntPtr.Zero;
14//iffailedandexceptionmustbethrown
15if(retMouse==false&&throwExceptions){
16//Returnstheerrorcodereturnedbythelastunmanagedfunction
17//calledusingplatforminvokethathastheDllImportAttribute.
18//SetLastErrorflagset.
19interrorCode=Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
20//InitializesandthrowsanewinstanceoftheWin32Exceptionclass
21//withthespecifiederror.
22thrownewWin32Exception(errorCode);
23}

24}

25
26//ifkeyboardhooksetandmustbeuninstalled
27if(hKeyboardHook!=IntPtr.Zero&&uninstallKeyboardHook){
28//uninstallhook
29boolretKeyboard=UnhookWindowsHookEx(hKeyboardHook);
30//resetinvalidhandle
31hKeyboardHook=IntPtr.Zero;
32//iffailedandexceptionmustbethrown
33if(retKeyboard==false&&throwExceptions){
34//Returnstheerrorcodereturnedbythelastunmanagedfunction
35//calledusingplatforminvokethathastheDllImportAttribute.
36//SetLastErrorflagset.
37interrorCode=Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
38//InitializesandthrowsanewinstanceoftheWin32Exceptionclass
39//withthespecifiederror.
40thrownewWin32Exception(errorCode);
41}

42}

43}

44

将这个文件编译成一个dll,即可在应用程序中调用。通过它提供的事件,便可监听所有的键盘事件。
但是,这只能监听键盘事件,没有键盘的情况下,怎么会有键盘事件?其实很简单,通过SendInput
API函数提供虚拟键盘代码的调用即可模拟键盘输入。下面的代码模拟一个 KeyDown 和 KeyUp 过程,
把他们连接起来就是一次按键过程。

1privatevoidSendKeyDown(shortkey){
2Input[]input=newInput[1];
3input[0].type=INPUT.KEYBOARD;
4input[0].ki.wVk=key;
5input[0].ki.time=NativeMethods.GetTickCount();
6
7if(NativeMethods.SendInput((uint)input.Length,input,Marshal.SizeOf(input[0]))
8<input.Length){
9thrownewWin32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
10}

11}

12
13privatevoidSendKeyUp(shortkey){
14Input[]input=newInput[1];
15input[0].type=INPUT.KEYBOARD;
16input[0].ki.wVk=key;
17input[0].ki.dwFlags=KeyboardConstaint.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP;
18input[0].ki.time=NativeMethods.GetTickCount();
19
20if(NativeMethods.SendInput((uint)input.Length,input,Marshal.SizeOf(input[0]))
21<input.Length){
22thrownewWin32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
23}

24}

自己实现一个 KeyBoardButton 控件用作按钮,用 Visual Studio 或者 SharpDevelop 为屏幕键盘设计 UI,然后
在这些 Button 的 Click 事件里面模拟一个按键过程。

1
2privatevoidButtonOnClick(objectsender,EventArgse){
3KeyboardButtonbtnKey=senderasKeyboardButton;
4if(btnKey==null){
5return;
6}

7
8SendKeyCommand(btnKey);
9}

10
11privatevoidSendKeyCommand(KeyboardButtonkeyButton){
12shortkey=keyButton.VKCode;
13if(combinationVKButtonsMap.ContainsKey(key)){
14if(keyButton.Checked){
15SendKeyUp(key);
16}
else{
17SendKeyDown(key);
18}

19}
else{
20SendKeyDown(key);
21SendKeyUp(key);
22}

23}

其中 combinationVKButtonsMap 是一个 IDictionary<short, IList<KeyboardButton>>, key 存储的是
VK_SHIFT, VK_CONTROL 等组合键的键盘码。左右两个按钮对应同一个键盘码,因此需要放在一个 List 里。
标准键盘上的每一个键都有虚拟键码( VK_CODE)与之对应。还有一些其他的常量,
把它写在一个静态 class 里吧。

1//KeyboardConstaint.cs
2internalstaticclassKeyboardConstaint{
3internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F1=0x70;
4internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F2=0x71;
5internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F3=0x72;
6internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F4=0x73;
7internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F5=0x74;
8internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F6=0x75;
9internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F7=0x76;
10internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F8=0x77;
11internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F9=0x78;
12internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F10=0x79;
13internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F11=0x7A;
14internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F12=0x7B;
15
16internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_LEFT=0x25;
17internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_UP=0x26;
18internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_RIGHT=0x27;
19internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_DOWN=0x28;
20
21internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NONE=0x00;
22internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_ESCAPE=0x1B;
23internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_EXECUTE=0x2B;
24internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_CANCEL=0x03;
25internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_RETURN=0x0D;
26internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_ACCEPT=0x1E;
27internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_BACK=0x08;
28internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_TAB=0x09;
29internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_DELETE=0x2E;
30internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_CAPITAL=0x14;
31internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMLOCK=0x90;
32internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_SPACE=0x20;
33internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_DECIMAL=0x6E;
34internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_SUBTRACT=0x6D;
35
36internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_ADD=0x6B;
37internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_DIVIDE=0x6F;
38internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_MULTIPLY=0x6A;
39internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_INSERT=0x2D;
40
41internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_1=0xBA;//';:'forUS
42internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_PLUS=0xBB;//'+'anycountry
43
44internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_MINUS=0xBD;//'-'anycountry
45
46internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_2=0xBF;//'/?'forUS
47internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_3=0xC0;//'`~'forUS
48internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_4=0xDB;//'[{'forUS
49internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_5=0xDC;//'/|'forUS
50internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_6=0xDD;//']}'forUS
51internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_7=0xDE;//''"'forUS
52internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_PERIOD=0xBE;//'.>'anycountry
53internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_COMMA=0xBC;//',<'anycountry
54internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_SHIFT=0x10;
55internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_CONTROL=0x11;
56internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_MENU=0x12;
57internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_LWIN=0x5B;
58internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_RWIN=0x5C;
59internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_APPS=0x5D;
60
61internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_LSHIFT=0xA0;
62internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_RSHIFT=0xA1;
63internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_LCONTROL=0xA2;
64internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_RCONTROL=0xA3;
65internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_LMENU=0xA4;
66internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_RMENU=0xA5;
67
68internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_SNAPSHOT=0x2C;
69internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_SCROLL=0x91;
70internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_PAUSE=0x13;
71internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_HOME=0x24;
72
73internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NEXT=0x22;
74internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_PRIOR=0x21;
75internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_END=0x23;
76
77internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD0=0x60;
78internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD1=0x61;
79internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD2=0x62;
80internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD3=0x63;
81internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD4=0x64;
82internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD5=0x65;
83internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD5NOTHING=0x0C;
84internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD6=0x66;
85internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD7=0x67;
86internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD8=0x68;
87internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD9=0x69;
88
89internalstaticreadonlyshortKEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY=0x0001;
90internalstaticreadonlyshortKEYEVENTF_KEYUP=0x0002;
91
92internalstaticreadonlyintGWL_EXSTYLE=-20;
93internalstaticreadonlyintWS_DISABLED=0X8000000;
94internalstaticreadonlyintWM_SETFOCUS=0X0007;
95}

屏幕键盘必须是一个不能获得输入焦点的窗体,在这个窗体的构造函数里,可以安装
一个全局鼠标钩子,再通过调用 SetWindowLong API 函数完成。

1UserActivityHookhook=newUserActivityHook(true,true);
2hook.MouseActivity+=HookOnMouseActivity;
3
4privatevoidHookOnMouseActivity(objectsener,HookEx.MouseExEventArgse){
5Pointlocation=e.Location;
6
7if(e.Button==MouseButtons.Left){
8RectanglecaptionRect=newRectangle(this.Location,newSize(this.Width,
9SystemInformation.CaptionHeight));
10if(captionRect.Contains(location)){
11NativeMethods.SetWindowLong(this.Handle,KeyboardConstaint.GWL_EXSTYLE,
12(int)NativeMethods.GetWindowLong(this.Handle,KeyboardConstaint.GWL_EXSTYLE)
13&(~KeyboardConstaint.WS_DISABLED));
14NativeMethods.SendMessage(this.Handle,KeyboardConstaint.WM_SETFOCUS,IntPtr.Zero,IntPtr.Zero);
15}
else{
16NativeMethods.SetWindowLong(this.Handle,KeyboardConstaint.GWL_EXSTYLE,
17(int)NativeMethods.GetWindowLong(this.Handle,KeyboardConstaint.GWL_EXSTYLE)|
18KeyboardConstaint.WS_DISABLED);
19}

20}

21}

鼠标单击标题栏,让屏幕键盘可以接收焦点,并激活,单击其他部分则不激活窗体(如果激活了,其他程序必然取消激活,
输入就无法进行了),这样才可以进行输入,并且保证了可以拖动窗体到其他位置。

至此,一个屏幕键盘程序差不多完成了,能够实现与实际键盘完全同步。至于窗体,按键重绘,以及 Num Lock, Caps Lock,
Scroll Lock 等键盘灯的模拟,这里就不讲了,如果有兴趣,可以下载完整的代码。最后我们的屏幕键盘程序运行的效果如
下图:



点击下载完整源代码 http://files.cnblogs.com/youzai/screenkeyboard.zip

说明:本程序参考了 Jeffrey Richter 先生的著作 CLR via C#, Second Edition, MSDN 以及一些网络资料。

这是微软技术的一贯特点,使用简单。但是如果要深入的话,还是要投入不少精力的

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